MORPHOLOGY

DERIVATIONAL AFFIXATION

Some Examples of Word Endings in English
Nouns		Verbs		Adjectives		Adverbs
Suffixes
-ster	Gangster	-ify	beautify	-ful	useful	-ly	happily
-eer	Profiteer	-ize	symbolize	-less	speechless	-ward	onward
-er	Teenager	-en	ripen	-ly	manly	-wise	clockwise
-let	Booklet			-y	meaty	-like	childlike
-ette	Cigarette			-ish	foolish
-ess	Actress			-able	readable
-y	Daddy			-ed	tired
-hood	childhood
-ship	friendship
-dom	Kingdom
-ry	Rocketry
-ist	Stylist
-ism	Idealism
-ant	inhabitant
-ment	amazement
-age	Leverage
-ness	meanness
-ity	Sanity
Inflections
-s	Caps	-s	helps	-er	shorter	-er	sooner
-en	Oxen	-ed	located	-est	quickest	-est	soonest
-'s	Mike's	-ing	writing
		-en	taken

I. Adverb from adjective

Suffix (…ly)

Slow    + ly      = slowly

Beautiful           + ly      = beautifully

Bright               + ly      = brightly

Slight                + ly      = slightly

Tight                 + ly      = tightly

Clear                + ly      = clearly

Near                + ly      = nearly

Usual                + ly      = usually

General            + ly      = generally

Quick               + ly      = quickly

Hard                + ly      = hardly

Fluent               + ly      = fluently

Slow                + ly      = Slowly

fair                   + ly      = fairly

Happy              + ly      = happily

Physical            + ly      = Physically

Foolish + ly      = Foolishly

II. Noun from noun

Suffix:

small                             = ….let, ….ette, ….ie

female                          = ….ess, ….ine

Inhabitant                     = ….er, …an

state                             = …ship, ….hood

devotee of or expert     = …..ist, ….ian

No	Suffix (…st)	Plural		Prefix	Suffix
1	Portuguist	Mice	Actress	Neighborhood	Droplet
2	Solonist	Children	Stewardess	Exhaustion	Booklet
3	Scientist	Boxes	Magician	Airplane	Cigarette
4	Sundanist	Childhood		Aerospace	Doggie
5	Economist			Anticlimax	Waitress
6	Typist			Archbishop	Waiter
7	Guitarist			Impurity	Princess
8	Pianist			Normalcy	Heroine
9	Drummer			whoredom	Kingship
10	Londoner				Ladyship
11					Motherhood
12					Priesthood
13					Logician
					Historian

III. Noun From word class

Suffix

…ity

…ness

…ism

…ance, ….ence

…ment

….ing

….ion

….al

….er

no	Suffix (….ness)	Suffix (…ity)	Suffix (….ism)	Suffix (…ion)	Prefix (un…)	Prefix
1	Weakness	Humanity	Marxism	Satisfaction	Unbelief	Chronological
2	Sadness	Legality	Materialism	Verification		Monogamy
3	Happiness	Formality	Existentialism	Addition		Offset
4	Politeness	Informality	Feminism	Organization		Outback
5	Openness	Ability	Radicalism	Denunciation		Overcall
6	Hugeness	Purity	Conservatism	Commission
7	Bitterness	Equality		Confusion
8	Goodness	Ferocity
9	Tallness	Sensitivity
10	Fierceness

No	Suffix (..ance, ..ence)	Suffix (…ment)	Suffix (..ing)	Suffix  (..al)	Suffix  (…er)
1	Performance	Announcement	Painting	Refusal	Driver
2	Ignorance	Commitment	Singing	Arrival	Painter
3	Reference	Development	Building	Referral	Organizer
4	Conference	Engagement	Cutting	Committal	Grinder
5			Ignoring		Guider
6			Drawing

IV. Adjective from adjective

Suffix

…ish

Un…

In…

Il…

Ir…

Im….

no	Suffix (…able)	Prefix (Un….)	Prefix (Dis…)	Suffix (…ty)	Prefix (im…) and (in…)	Prefix (ir..)
1	Readable	Unreadable	Dishonest	Reality	Impossible	Irreligious
2	Debatable	Unbeatable		Baddish	invincible
3	Writable	Untreatable		Reddish
4	Comfortable	Unconvertible		Humanoid
5	Enjoyable	Unkind
6	Countable	Unhappy
7	Eatable	Illogic
8	Edible	Unfair
9	Legible	Unlawful
10	Tangible	Uncountable

V. Adjective from word class

Suffix

…ed

…ing

…en

…able

…ent

…ive

…ful

…less

…al

…ish

Example

Readable                      21. Repulsive   

Breakable                     22. Joyful

Reliable                        23. Helpful

Washable                     24. Meaningful

Exploitive                     25. Joyless

Meaningful                    26. Hopeless

Expectable                   27. Meaningless

Unpredictable               28. Original

Kindness                      29. Normal

Happiness                    30. Personal

Flexibility                      31. national

Darkness                      32. Boyish

Outside                        33. Loutish

Superhuman                 34. Waspish

Interesting                    

VI. Verb from Verb

Suffix:

Re…

Un…

De…

Dis…

No	Prefix (Re…)	Prefix  (Dis…)	Prefix (Un…)	Prefix (mis...), (De…)	Suffix  (..Ize)
1	Reconstruction	Disconnection	Unlock	Misunderstand	Deputizes
2	Replay	Disagree	Untangle	Decompose
3	Record	Discompose	Untie	Desensitize
4	Rewrite	Discontinue
5	Recycle	Disorder
6	Repaint	Disappointed
7	Reword	Disapprove
8	Refine	Disbelieve
9	Refund	Disentangle
10	Reform
11	Retell
12	Reenter
13	Repair
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